Tarsus is one of the ancient cities of Anatolia. The first record of the city appears as “Tarz(s) an” in Hittite sources and then as “Tarzi” in Assyrian annals. The name evolved into Tarsos/Tarsus in ancient Greek and Roman sources and has remained Tarsus since. Vast agricultural lands, freshwater from the Cydnus River, the natural harbor formed by the river, and a strategic location on the ancient road system made Tarsus an important center of the ancient world. Owing to these advantages, Tarsus developed culturally and economically over the centuries.
Built on the ancient city itself, modern Tarsus attests to this cultural accumulation. However, its urban development is also an obstacle for research regarding ancient Tarsus and the knowledge that might be obtained. Thus there is a need to focus on archeological studies in various sites associated with ancient Tarsus outside the city itself. In this context, its hinterland is an important factor for understanding the city. The mountainous terrain in the district around modern Tarsus was also a part of ancient Tarsus. The surveys carried out since 2016 have not only revealed the cultural heritage of this hinterland but also have helped our understanding of some unknown aspects of ancient Tarsus, thus causing us to ask new questions.
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