This book constitutes the collective publications of the ancient site of Trebenna, forming the first phase of the “Bey Dağları Archaeological Survey Project”. Volume II will cover our research on the archaeological remains in the vicinity of Trebenna and with the publications of Volume II, the first phase will be completed. The area covered by Volume II is that area which lies between Tünek Tepe to the south and Badırık Tepe to the north and has Sivridağ/Trebenna (Volume I) in its centre.

As explained in detail in the section on the “History of Research” at Trebenna, almost all the archaeological remains of the ancient site of Trebenna have remained to date both unknown and unpublished. In addition, various and numerous remains pertaining to the city and its necropoleis, historical data and data related to nature and the natural environment are also covered in sections of the present volume. While during the course of the expedition the detailed mapping of the city took precedence, almost all the remains were surveyed and photographed. Although all of the significant buildings and remains are studied here, not all the data produced could be included in this book. For example, amongst the different groups of remains, such as sarcophagi or rock-cut tombs, only a few example drawings and photographs of the many that were made could be included here.

Data about Trebenna are studied in six main chapters titled “History”, “Topography”, “Roman Period Remains”, “Coins”, “Byzantine Remains” and “Biology” except the “Introduction”, “History of the Research” and the Bibliography. These main chapters were further divided into sub-chapters and al the subjects were tried to be covered. Evaluations related with the subject are given at the beginning of each chapter.

As a method of evaluation, the authors usually thought together and made collaboration both in the fieldwork and the office work. As is the case with publications with multiple authors, the authors did not agree with each other always. Some of such issues were solved by reaching a common result while with some others difference of opinions prevailed, for example, about the dating of the rock bases on the Acropolis and the rock structures at its foot and these different opinions are given in “Appendix: The Discussion about the Dating Problems Presented by the Acropolis”.

The chapter on “History” covers Trebenna together with its vicinity. Indeed, in writing history, it is neither possible nor correct to isolate a settlement from its environs. This chapter also includes an evaluation of inscriptions discovered but not published in detail yet by Bülent İplikçioğlu and Vedat Çelgin with their permissions. The inscriptions published formerly are given as a catalogue.

The chapter on “the Remains from the Roman Period” first covers the historical data; topographic data are taken into account together with a summary of road network; the followed by individual descriptions of buildings or building groups within the city. Each building is both described and evaluated in the same place. The sub-chapter titled “Necropoleis and Tombs” covers first the major four necropoleis and then the tombs are explored typologically as monumental tombs, rock tombs, sarcophagi and ostotheks. The chapter ends with a general evaluation for the necropoleis.

The chapter on “the Remains from the Byzantine Period” covers all the Byzantine remains in the city. The sub-chapters covering all the details are titled “The Castron”, “The Bastion”, “The Pottery Finds form the Byzantine Period” and “Evaluation of the Byzantine Period”. The chapter ends with an overall evaluation of the Byzantine existence at Trebenna.

The chapter on “Biology” presents briefly and evaluates the data on flora, fauna and mycology. The chapter presents the biological data in and around the city for the purpose of inventorying the natural heritage. The sub-chapter on “Mycology” explores the micro-colonial bacteria that cause damage to the ruins. These data are given both in Turkish and Latin for they are seen all around the Bey Mountains.

Contents:

• SUNUS
• I. GIRIS
• II. ARASTIRMA TARIHI
• III. TARIH
• III.1. ROMA DONEMI
• III.2. BIZANS DONEMI
• IV. TOPOGRAFYA
• IV.1. GENEL TOPOGRAFYA
• IV.2. KENT TOPOGRAFYASI
• V. ROMA DONEMI KALINTILARI
• V.1. AKROPOL
• V.2. KONUTLAR
• V.3. KENT MERKEZI
• V.3.1. Agora
• V.3.2. Stoa
• V.3.3. Sebasteion
• V.3.4. Ekklesiasterion
• V.3.5. Andronlar (?)
• V.3.6. Magazin (?) ve Dogu Kapisi
• V.3.7. Hamam
• V.4. ISLIKLER
• V.5. NEKROPOLLER VE MEZARLAR
• V.5.1. Nekropoller
• V.5.1.1. Akropol Nekropolü
• V.5.1.2. Irimli Nekropolü
• V.5.1.3. Elmin Nekropolü
• V.5.1.4. Dereözü Nekropolü
• V.5.2. Mezarlar
• V.5.2.1. Anit Mezarlar
• V.5.2.2. Kaya Mezarlari
• V.5.2.3. Lahitler
• V.5.2.4. Ostothekler
• V.5.3. Genel Degerlendirme
• VI. SIKKELER
• VII. EK: Akropol Yerlesiminin Tarihleme Sorunlari Uzerine Tartisma
• VIII. BIZANS DONEMI KALINTILARI
• VIII.1. KASTRON
• VIII.1.1. Savunma Sistemi
• VIII.1.2. Erken Bizans Kilisesi
• VIII.1.3. Konutlar
• VIII.1.4. Ortaçag Kilisesi
• VIII.1.4.1. Kilisenin Mimarisi
• VIII.1.4.2. Kilisenin Freskolari
• VIII.1.5. Sarniclar
• VIII.2. BASTION
• VIII.2.1. Koruma Duvar
• VIII.2.2. Bizans Hamami
• VIII.3. BIZANS DONEMI SERAMIK BULGULARI
• VIII.4. DEGERLENDIRME
• IX. BIYOLOJI
• IX.1. FLORA VE FAUNA
• IX.2. MIKOLOJI: KALINTILAR UZERINDE MANTARLARIN ARASTIRILMASI
• X. SERBEST CIZIMLER UZERINE
• TREBENNA: ITS HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY AND NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
  (Extended Summary)
• KISALTMALAR VE KAYNAKLAR
• LEVHALAR LISTESI
• LEVHALAR